72 publications

2021

• Stevens, B., Bony, S., Farrell, D., Ament, F., Blyth, A., Fairall, C., ... Zoger, M. (2021). EUREC(4)A. Earth System Science Data, 13(8), 4067-4119. doi: 10.5194/essd-13-4067-2021
• Barthe, C., Bousquet, O., Bielli, S., Tulet, P., Pianezze, J., Claeys, M., ... Zucule, J. (2021). Impact of tropical cyclones on inhabited areas of the SWIO basin at present and future horizons. Part 2: Modeling component of the research program RENOVRISK-CYCLONE. Atmosphere, 12(6). doi: 10.3390/atmos12060689
• Bousquet, O., Barruol, G., Cordier, E., Barthe, C., Bielli, S., Calmer, R., ... Marquestaut, N. (2021). Impact of tropical cyclones on inhabited areas of the SWIO Basin at present and future horizons. Part 1: Overview and observing component of the research project RENOVRISK-CYCLONE. Atmosphere, 12(5), 41. doi: 10.3390/atmos12050544
• McFarquhar, G. M., Bretherton, C. S., Marchand, R., Protat, A., DeMott, P. J., Alexander, S. P., ... McDonald, A. (2021). Observations of clouds, aerosols, precipitation, and surface radiation over the Southern Ocean: An overview of CAPRICORN, MARCUS, MICRE, and SOCRATES. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 102(4), E894-E928. doi: 10.1175/bams-d-20-0132.1
• Twohy, C. H., DeMott, P. J., Russell, L. M., Toohey, D. W., Rainwater, B., Geiss, R., ... McRobert, I. M. (2021). Cloud-nucleating particles over the Southern Ocean in a changing climate. Earths Future, 9(3). doi: 10.1029/2020ef001673
• Sanchez, K. J., Roberts, G. C., Saliba, G., Russell, L. M., Twohy, C., Reeves, M. J., ... McRobert, I. M. (2021). Measurement report: Cloud processes and the transport of biological emissions affect southern ocean particle and cloud condensation nuclei concentrations. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 21(5), 3427-3446. doi: 10.5194/acp-21-3427-2021
• Siebert, H., Szodry, K. E., Egerer, U., Wehner, B., Henning, S., Chevalier, K., ... Mellado, J. P. (2021). Observations of aerosol, cloud, turbulence, and radiation properties at the top of the marine boundary layer over the eastern North Atlantic Ocean: The ACORES campaign. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 102(1), E123-E147. doi: 10.1175/bams-d-19-0191.1

2020

• Saliba, G., Sanchez, K. J., Russell, L. M., Twohy, C. H., Roberts, G. C., Lewis, S., ... Toohey, D. W. (2020). Organic composition of three different size ranges of aerosol particles over the Southern Ocean. Aerosol Science and Technology. doi: 10.1080/02786826.2020.1845296
• Sanchez, K. J., Roberts, G. C., Diao, M., & Russell, L. M. (2020). Measured constraints on cloud top entrainment to reduce uncertainty of nonprecipitating stratocumulus shortwave radiative forcing in the Southern Ocean. Geophysical Research Letters, 47(21). doi: 10.1029/2020gl090513
• Mansour, K., Decesari, S., Facchini, M. C., Belosi, F., Paglione, M., Sandrini, S., ... Rinaldi, M. (2020). Linking Marine Biological Activity to Aerosol Chemical Composition and Cloud-Relevant Properties Over the North Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 125(13). doi: 10.1029/2019jd032246

2019

• Calmer, R., Roberts, G. C., Sanchez, K. J., Sciare, J., Sellegri, K., Picard, D., ... Pikridas, M. (2019). Aerosol-cloud closure study on cloud optical properties using remotely piloted aircraft measurements during a BACCHUS field campaign in Cyprus. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 19(22), 13989-14007. doi: 10.5194/acp-19-13989-2019

2018

• Calmer, R., Roberts, G. C., Preissler, J., Sanchez, K. J., Derrien, S., & O'Dowd, C. (2018). Vertical wind velocity measurements using a five-hole probe with remotely piloted aircraft to study aerosol-cloud interactions. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 11(5), 2583-2599. doi: 10.5194/amt-11-2583-2018
• Crispel, P., & Roberts, G. (2018). All-sky photogrammetry techniques to georeference a cloud field. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 11(1), 593-609. doi: 10.5194/amt-11-593-2018

2017

• Sanchez, K. J., Roberts, G. C., Calmer, R., Nicoll, K., Hashimshoni, E., Rosenfeld, D., ... Russell, L. M. (2017). Top-down and bottom-up aerosol-cloud closure: towards understanding sources of uncertainty in deriving cloud shortwave radiative flux. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 17(16), 9797-9814. doi: 10.5194/acp-17-9797-2017
• Arndt, J., Sciare, J., Mallet, M., Roberts, G. C., Marchand, N., Sartelet, K., ... Wenger, J. C. (2017). Sources and mixing state of summertime background aerosol in the north-western Mediterranean basin. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 17(11), 6975-7001. doi: 10.5194/acp-17-6975-2017
• Ovadnevaite, J., Zuend, A., Laaksonen, A., Sanchez, K. J., Roberts, G., Ceburnis, D., ... Dowd, C. O. (2017). Surface tension prevails over solute effect in organic-influenced cloud droplet activation. Nature, 546(7660), 637-641. doi: 10.1038/nature22806
• Claeys, M., Roberts, G., Mallet, M., Arndt, J., Sellegri, K., Sciare, J., ... Sauvage, B. (2017). Optical, physical and chemical properties of aerosols transported to a coastal site in the western Mediterranean: a focus on primary marine aerosols. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 17(12), 7891-7915. doi: 10.5194/acp-17-7891-2017

2016

• Wex, H., Dieckmann, K., Roberts, G. C., Conrath, T., Izaguirre, M. A., Hartmann, S., ... Stratmann, F. (2016). Aerosol arriving on the Caribbean island of Barbados: physical properties and origin. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 16(22), 14107-14130. doi: 10.5194/acp-16-14107-2016
• Sanchez, K. J., Russell, L. M., Modini, R. L., Frossard, A. A., Ahlm, L., Corrigan, C. E., ... Seinfeld, J. H. (2016). Meteorological and aerosol effects on marine cloud microphysical properties. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 121(8), 4142-4161. doi: 10.1002/2015jd024595

2015

• Modini, R. L., Frossard, A. A., Ahlm, L., Russell, L. M., Corrigan, C. E., Roberts, G. C., ... Leaitch, W. R. (2015). Primary marine aerosol-cloud interactions off the coast of California. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 120(9), 4282-4303. doi: 10.1002/2014jd022963

2014

• Hammer, E., Gysel, M., Roberts, G. C., Elias, T., Hofer, J., Hoyle, C. R., ... Weingartner, E. (2014). Size-dependent particle activation properties in fog during the ParisFog 2012/13 field campaign. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 14(19), 10517-10533. doi: 10.5194/acp-14-10517-2014
• Werner, F., Ditas, F., Siebert, H., Simmel, M., Wehner, B., Pilewskie, P., ... Wendisch, M. (2014). Twomey effect observed from collocated microphysical and remote sensing measurements over shallow cumulus. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 119(3), 1534-1545. doi: 10.1002/2013jd020131

2013

• Wonaschutz, A., Coggon, M., Sorooshian, A., Modini, R., Frossard, A. A., Ahlm, L., ... Seinfeld, J. H. (2013). Hygroscopic properties of smoke-generated organic aerosol particles emitted in the marine atmosphere. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 13(19), 9819-9835. doi: 10.5194/acp-13-9819-2013
• Siebert, H., Beals, M., Bethke, J., Bierwirth, E., Conrath, T., Dieckmann, K., ... Wex, H. (2013). The fine-scale structure of the trade wind cumuli over Barbados - an introduction to the CARRIBA project. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 13(19), 10061-10077. doi: 10.5194/acp-13-10061-2013
• Collins, D. B., Ault, A. P., Moffet, R. C., Ruppel, M. J., Cuadra-Rodriguez, L. A., Guasco, T. L., ... Prather, K. A. (2013). Impact of marine biogeochemistry on the chemical mixing state and cloud forming ability of nascent sea spray aerosol. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 118(15), 8553-8565. doi: 10.1002/jgrd.50598
• Juranyi, Z., Tritscher, T., Gysel, M., Laborde, M., Gomes, L., Roberts, G., ... Weingartner, E. (2013). Hygroscopic mixing state of urban aerosol derived from size-resolved cloud condensation nuclei measurements during the MEGAPOLI campaign in Paris. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 13(13), 6431-6446. doi: 10.5194/acp-13-6431-2013
• Russell, L. M., Sorooshian, A., Seinfeld, J. H., Albrecht, B. A., Nenes, A., Ahlm, L., ... Wonaschutz, A. (2013). Eastern Pacific emitted aerosol cloud experiment. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 94(5), 709-+. doi: 10.1175/bams-d-12-00015.1
• DeMott, P. J., Hudson, J. G., Roberts, G. C., & Bundke, U. (2013). Cloud condensation and ice nuclei. Airborne Measurements for Environmental Research (pp. 157-223). : John Wiley & Sons.

2012

• Begue, N., Tulet, P., Chaboureau, J. P., Roberts, G., Gomes, L., & Mallet, M. (2012). Long-range transport of Saharan dust over northwestern Europe during EUCAARI 2008 campaign: Evolution of dust optical properties by scavenging. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 117(D17201). doi: 10.1029/2012jd017611
• Baumgardner, D., Avallone, L., Bansemer, A., Borrmann, S., Brown, P., Bundke, U., ... Wendisch, M. (2012). In situ, airborne instrumentation: addressing and solving measurement problems in ice clouds. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 93(2), E529-E534. doi: 10.1175/bams-d-11-00123.1
• Russell, L. M., Sorooshian, A., Seinfeld, J. H., Albrecht, B. A., Nenes, A., Ahlm, L., ... Wonaschütz, A. (2012). Eastern Pacific Emitted Aerosol Cloud Experiment (E-PEACE). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00015

2011

• Moore, M. J. K., Furutani, H., Roberts, G. C., Moffet, R. C., Gilles, M. K., Palenik, B., & Prather, K. A. (2011). Effect of organic compounds on cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity of sea spray aerosol produced by bubble bursting. Atmospheric Environment, 45(39), 7462-7469. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.04.034
• Creamean, J. M., Ault, A. P., Ten Hoeve, J. E., Jacobson, M. Z., Roberts, G. C., & Prather, K. A. (2011). Measurements of aerosol chemistry during new particle formation events at a remote rural mountain site. Environmental Science & Technology, 45(19), 8208-8216. doi: 10.1021/es103692f
• Kulmala, M., Asmi, A., Lappalainen, H. K., Baltensperger, U., Brenguier, J. L., Facchini, M. C., ... Pandis, S. N. (2011). General overview: European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality interactions (EUCAARI) - integrating aerosol research from nano to global scales. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 11(24), 13061-13143. doi: 10.5194/acp-11-13061-2011

2010

• Martin, S. T., Andreae, M. O., Artaxo, P., Baumgardner, D., Chen, Q., Goldstein, A. H., ... Trebs, I. (2010). Sources and properties of Amazonian aerosol particles. Reviews of Geophysics, 48(Rg2002). doi: 10.1029/2008rg000280
• Roberts, G. C., Day, D. A., Russell, L. M., Dunlea, E. J., Jimenez, J. L., Tomlinson, J. M., ... Clarke, A. D. (2010). Characterization of particle cloud droplet activity and composition in the free troposphere and the boundary layer during INTEX-B. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 10(14), 6627-6644. doi: 10.5194/acp-10-6627-2010
• Kuhn, U., Ganzeveld, L., Thielmann, A., Dindorf, T., Schebeske, G., Welling, M., ... Andreae, M. O. (2010). Impact of Manaus City on the Amazon Green Ocean atmosphere: ozone production, precursor sensitivity and aerosol load. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 10(19), 9251-9282. doi: 10.5194/acp-10-9251-2010
• Sullivan, R. C., Moore, M. J. K., Petters, M. D., Kreidenweis, S. M., Qafoku, O., Laskin, A., ... Prather, K. A. (2010). Impact of particle generation method on the apparent hygroscopicity of insoluble mineral particles. Aerosol Science and Technology, 44(10), 830-846. doi: 10.1080/02786826.2010.497514
• Crumeyrolle, S., Manninen, H. E., Sellegri, K., Roberts, G., Gomes, L., Kulmala, M., ... Schwarzenboeck, A. (2010). New particle formation events measured on board the ATR-42 aircraft during the EUCAARI campaign. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 10(14), 6721-6735. doi: 10.5194/acp-10-6721-2010

2009

• Stith, J. L., Ramanathan, V., Cooper, W. A., Roberts, G. C., DeMott, P. J., Carmichael, G., ... Feng, Y. (2009). An overview of aircraft observations from the Pacific Dust Experiment campaign. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 114(D05207). doi: 10.1029/2008jd010924
• Shinozuka, Y., Clarke, A. D., DeCarlo, P. F., Jimenez, J. L., Dunlea, E. J., Roberts, G. C., ... Zhou, J. (2009). Aerosol optical properties relevant to regional remote sensing of CCN activity and links to their organic mass fraction: airborne observations over Central Mexico and the US West Coast during MILAGRO/INTEX-B. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 9(18), 6727-6742. doi: 10.5194/acp-9-6727-2009
• Sullivan, R. C., Moore, M. J. K., Petters, M. D., Kreidenweis, S. M., Roberts, G. C., & Prather, K. A. (2009). Effect of chemical mixing state on the hygroscopicity and cloud nucleation properties of calcium mineral dust particles. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 9(10), 3303-3316. doi: 10.5194/acp-9-3303-2009
• Sullivan, R. C., Moore, M. J. K., Petters, M. D., Kreidenweis, S. M., Roberts, G. C., & Prather, K. A. (2009). Timescale for hygroscopic conversion of calcite mineral particles through heterogeneous reaction with nitric acid. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 11(36), 7826-7837. doi: 10.1039/b904217b

2008

• Roberts, G. C., Ramana, M. V., Corrigan, C., Kim, D., & Ramanathan, V. (2008). Simultaneous observations of aerosol-cloud-albedo interactions with three stacked unmanned aerial vehicles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105(21), 7370-7375. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0710308105
• Furutani, H., Dall'osto, M., Roberts, G. C., & Prather, K. A. (2008). Assessment of the relative importance of atmospheric aging on CCN activity derived from field observations. Atmospheric Environment, 42(13), 3130-3142. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.024
• Corrigan, C. E., Roberts, G. C., Ramana, M. V., Kim, D., & Ramanathan, V. (2008). Capturing vertical profiles of aerosols and black carbon over the Indian Ocean using autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 8(3), 737-747. doi: 10.5194/acp-8-737-2008

2007

• Yum, S. S., Roberts, G., Kim, J. H., Song, K. Y., & Kim, D. Y. (2007). Submicron aerosol size distributions and cloud condensation nuclei concentrations measured at Gosan, Korea, during the Atmospheric brown clouds - East Asian Regional Experiment 2005. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 112(D22). doi: 10.1029/2006jd008212
• Ramana, M. V., Ramanathan, V., Kim, D., Roberts, G. C., & Corrigan, C. E. (2007). Albedo, atmospheric solar absorption and heating rate measurements with stacked UAVs. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 133(629), 1913-1931. doi: 10.1002/qj.172
• Ramanathan, V., Ramana, M. V., Roberts, G., Kim, D., Corrigan, C., Chung, C., & Winker, D. (2007). Warming trends in Asia amplified by brown cloud solar absorption. Nature, 448(7153), 575-578. doi: 10.1038/nature06019
• Hadley, O. L., Ramanathan, V., Carmichael, G. R., Tang, Y., Corrigan, C. E., Roberts, G. C., & Mauger, G. S. (2007). Trans-Pacific transport of black carbon and fine aerosols (D < 2.5 µm) into North America. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 112(D5). doi: 10.1029/2006jd007632

2006

• Wilcox, E. M., Roberts, G., & Ramanathan, V. (2006). Influence of aerosols on the shortwave cloud radiative forcing from North Pacific oceanic clouds: Results from the Cloud Indirect Forcing Experiment (CIFEX). Geophysical Research Letters, 33(21). doi: 10.1029/2006gl027150
• Roberts, G., Mauger, G., Hadley, O., & Ramanathan, V. (2006). North American and Asian aerosols over the eastern Pacific Ocean and their role in regulating cloud condensation nuclei. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 111(D13). doi: 10.1029/2005jd006661

2005

• Roberts, G. C., & Nenes, A. (2005). A continuous-flow streamwise thermal-gradient CCN chamber for atmospheric measurements. Aerosol Science and Technology, 39(3), 206-221. doi: 10.1080/027868290913988

2004

• Rissler, J., Swietlicki, E., Zhou, J., Roberts, G., Andreae, M. O., Gatti, L. V., & Artaxo, P. (2004). Physical properties of the sub-micrometer aerosol over the Amazon rain forest during the wet-to-dry season transition - comparison of modeled and measured CCN concentrations. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 4(8), 2119-2143. doi: 10.5194/acp-4-2119-2004
• Conant, W. C., VanReken, T. M., Rissman, T. A., Varutbangkul, V., Jonsson, H. H., Nenes, A., ... Seinfeld, J. H. (2004). Aerosol-cloud drop concentration closure in warm cumulus. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 109(D13). doi: 10.1029/2003jd004324
• Guyon, P., Graham, B., Roberts, G. C., Mayol-Bracero, O. L., Maenhaut, W., Artaxo, P., & Andreae, M. O. (2004). Sources of optically active aerosol particles over the Amazon forest. Atmospheric Environment, 38(7), 1039-1051. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.10.051

2003

• VanReken, T. M., Rissman, T. A., Roberts, G. C., Varutbangkul, V., Jonsson, H. H., Flagan, R. C., & Seinfeld, J. H. (2003). Toward aerosol/cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) closure during CRYSTAL-FACE. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 108(D20). doi: 10.1029/2003jd003582
• Guyon, P., Graham, B., Roberts, G. C., Mayol-Bracero, O. L., Maenhaut, W., Artaxo, P., & Andreae, M. O. (2003). In-canopy gradients, composition, sources, and optical properties of aerosol over the Amazon forest. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 108(D18). doi: 10.1029/2003jd003465
• Guyon, P., Graham, B., Beck, J., Boucher, O., Gerasopoulos, E., Mayol-Bracero, O. L., ... Andreae, M. O. (2003). Physical properties and concentration of aerosol particles over the Amazon tropical forest during background and biomass burning conditions. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 3(4), 951-967. doi: 10.5194/acp-3-951-2003
• Guyon, P., Boucher, O., Graham, B., Beck, J., Mayol-Bracero, O. L., Roberts, G. C., ... Andreae, M. O. (2003). Refractive index of aerosol particles over the Amazon tropical forest during LBA-EUSTACH 1999. Journal of Aerosol Science, 34(7), 883-907. doi: 10.1016/s0021-8502(03)00052-1
• Roberts, G. C., Nenes, A., Seinfeld, J. H., & Andreae, M. O. (2003). Impact of biomass burning on cloud properties in the Amazon Basin. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 108(D2). doi: 10.1029/2001jd000985

2002

• Williams, E., Rosenfeld, D., Madden, N., Gerlach, J., Gears, N., Atkinson, L., ... Avelino, E. (2002). Contrasting convective regimes over the Amazon: Implications for cloud electrification. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 107(D20). doi: 10.1029/2001jd000380
• Graham, B., Mayol-Bracero, O. L., Guyon, P., Roberts, G. C., Decesari, S., Facchini, M. C., ... Andreae, M. O. (2002). Water-soluble organic compounds in biomass burning aerosols over Amazonia - 1. Characterization by NMR and GC-MS. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 107(D20). doi: 10.1029/2001jd000336
• Roberts, G. C., Artaxo, P., Zhou, J. C., Swietlicki, E., & Andreae, M. O. (2002). Sensitivity of CCN spectra on chemical and physical properties of aerosol: A case study from the Amazon Basin. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 107(D20). doi: 10.1029/2001jd000583
• Mayol-Bracero, O. L., Guyon, P., Graham, B., Roberts, G., Andreae, M. O., Decesari, S., ... Artaxo, P. (2002). Water-soluble organic compounds in biomass burning aerosols over Amazonia - 2. Apportionment of the chemical composition and importance of the polyacidic fraction. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 107(D20). doi: 10.1029/2001jd000522
• Amouroux, D., Roberts, G., Rapsomanikis, S., & Andreae, M. O. (2002). Biogenic gas (CH4, N2O, DMS) emission to the atmosphere from near-shore and shelf waters of the north-western Black Sea. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 54(3), 575-587. doi: 10.1006/ecss.2000.0666

2001

• Roberts, G. C., Andreae, M. O., Maenhaut, W., & Fernandez-Jimenez, M. T. (2001). Composition and sources of aerosol in a central African rain forest during the dry season. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 106(D13), 14423-14434. doi: 10.1029/2000jd900774
• Formenti, P., Andreae, M. O., Lange, L., Roberts, G., Cafmeyer, J., Rajta, I., ... Lelieveld, J. (2001). Saharan dust in Brazil and Suriname during the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) - Cooperative LBA Regional Experiment (CLAIRE) in March 1998. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 106(D14), 14919-14934. doi: 10.1029/2000jd900827
• Roberts, G. C., Andreae, M. O., Zhou, J., & Artaxo, P. (2001). Cloud condensation nuclei in the Amazon Basin: “marine” conditions over a continent?. Geophysical Research Letters, 28(14), 2807-2810. doi: 10.1029/2000GL012585

2000

• Kubatova, A., Vermeylen, R., Claeys, M., Cafmeyer, J., Maenhaut, W., Roberts, G., & Artaxo, P. (2000). Carbonaceous aerosol characterization in the Amazon basin, Brazil: novel dicarboxylic acids and related compounds. Atmospheric Environment, 34(29-30), 5037-5051. doi: 10.1016/s1352-2310(00)00320-4

1999

• Kettle, A. J., Andreae, M. O., Amouroux, D., Andreae, T. W., Bates, T. S., Berresheim, H., ... Uher, G. (1999). A global database of sea surface dimethylsulfide (DMS) measurements and a procedure to predict sea surface DMS as a function of latitude, longitude, and month. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 13(2), 399-444. doi: 10.1029/1999gb900004

1997

• Sorensen, C. M., & Roberts, G. C. (1997). The prefactor of fractal aggregates. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 186(2), 447-452. doi: 10.1006/jcis.1996.4664